Cognitive communication disorders. Difficulty communicating because of an injury to the part of the brain that controls your ability to think is referred to as cognitive communication disorder. It can result in memory issues, problem-solving, and difficulty speaking or listening. It can be caused by biological problems, such as abnormal brain development, certain neurological conditions, a brain injury, or stroke.

Aphasia. This is an acquired communication disorder that affects a person’s ability to speak and understand others. It also often affects a person’s ability to read and write. Stroke is the most common cause of aphasia, though other brain disorders can also cause it.

Dysarthria. This condition is characterized by slow or slurred speech due to a weakness or inability to control the muscles used for speech. It’s most commonly caused by nervous system disorders and conditions that cause Facial paralysis or throat and tongue weakness, such as stroke.

Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia). Dysphagia is when you have problems swallowing. It’s usually caused by certain medicines or other conditions, such as acid reflux or a stroke. Some people with dysphagia have problems swallowing certain foods or drinks, while others cannot swallow at all and you may also drool and have problems chewing your food.

Voice disorders (Dysphonia)  This is a common complaint characterized by impaired voice production and hoarseness of voice amongst others. Dysphonia can affect patients of all ages and sex but has an increased prevalence in teachers, older adults, and other persons with significant vocal demands.  Dysphonia is often caused by benign or self-limited conditions, but it may also be the presenting symptom of a more serious or progressive condition requiring prompt diagnosis and management.